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Ecological compensation based on willingness to accept for conservation of drinking water sources

Linyu XU,Bing YU,Yang LI

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2015年第9卷第1期页码 58-65 doi: 10.1007/s11783-014-0688-3

摘要： Ecological compensation is a powerful environmental economic tool for environmental protection in areas where drinking water sources are located. We established an ecological compensation accounting system based on respondents’ willingness to accept (WTA). In this system, stakeholder preferences and the factors that influence them can be gauged effectively using logit and tobit models. We applied this accounting system to ecological compensation for the Miyun Reservoir, Beijing, China. The average WTA value for Miyun Reservoir residents was approximately 1186 CNY per family in 2012, which could be set as a suitable compensation standard, since it is slightly higher than the local protection cost. Thus, the annual total ecological compensation could be 58.73 million CNY. Distance from the reservoir, job types, and attitude to environmental protection were variables with significant effects on WTA. In addition, trends for individual preferences were identified via an analysis of key influential factors. The results suggest some useful information for establishing ecological compensation mechanisms for conservation of drinking water sources. Suggestions include popularizing the concept and meaning of ecological compensation among residents, setting different compensation levels based on distance from the reservoir, considering the requirements of farmers, and taking various in-kind and out-of-kind compensation approaches.

关键词： contingent valuation method questionnaire survey Miyun Reservoir

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The influencing factors of the WTP for the risk reduction of chemical industry accidents in China

Lei HUANG, Zhijuan SHAO, Weiliang BAO, Bailing DUAN, Jun BI, Zengwei YUAN

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2012年第6卷第6期页码 860-868 doi: 10.1007/s11783-012-0467-y

摘要： To explore the factors that influence respondents’ willingness to pay (WTP) for the risk reduction of chemical industry accidents, a questionnaire survey combined with contingent valuation and psychometric paradigm methods were conducted in the city of Yancheng, Jiangsu Province, China. Both traditional socioeconomic variables and perceived characteristics of the hazards were considered in this study, and a Tobit model was used to find the factors influencing WTP under three risk reduction scenarios. The results showed that three demographic characteristics, , , and , significantly affected the WTP for chemical risk reduction. In addition, three extracted public risk perception factors, , , and , also strongly affected the WTP. The mean WTP value increased as the magnitude of the risk reduction increased. The number of factors influencing the WTP decreased as the reduction level improved, and only the factor had a significant influence on the WTP for a higher level (80%) of risk reduction. The cost for chemical safety management of Yancheng was calculated, and the optimized risk reduction level was determined. These findings can assist governments and policy makers to formulate suitable strategies for risk control, to reach target groups of people to develop effective communication, and to provide specific references for the best investment for the security of local residents.

关键词： risk perception willingness to pay contingent valuation method risk management school of the environment

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Blockchain adoption or contingent sourcing?

《工程管理前沿（英文）》页码 107-120 doi: 10.1007/s42524-022-0232-2

摘要： In the post-pandemic era, food supply chains and firms therein are facing unprecedented severe challenges, because once infection is detected, numerous products must be recalled or abandoned, and both suppliers and retailers in the supply chain suffer enormous loss. To survive under the pandemic, retailers have adopted different sourcing strategies, such as contingent sourcing, which, in turn, affect the upstream suppliers and hence the resilience of the whole supply chain. With the rapid development of digital technologies, retailers nowadays can utilize blockchain as a reliable and efficient way to reduce product risk and hence advance the resilience of food supply chains by improving product traceability and inspection accuracy, and making sourcing transparent. In this paper, we develop a game-theoretic model to investigate the interrelation between the retailer’s decisions on blockchain adoption and sourcing strategies. We consider that a retailer originally orders from a risky supplier while conducting an imperfect inspection to detect infected products before selling. The retailer may speculatively keep on ordering from the risky supplier or adopt contingent sourcing by ordering from an alternative safe supplier. The retailer also has an option to implement blockchain to improve the inspection accuracy and product traceability. We derive the optimal retail prices under different sourcing strategies with and without blockchain adoption and then analyze the incentives for sourcing strategy and blockchain adoption. Then, we identify the conditions of an all-win situation for food retailer, supplier, supply chain resilience, and consumers with/without government subsidy. Finally, we extend to consider the situation that some consumers have health-safety concerns and preferences for blockchain adoption.

关键词： food supply chain blockchain contingent sourcing supply chain resilience

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基于云模型的信任评估研究

路峰,吴慧中

《中国工程科学》 2008年第10卷第10期页码 84-90

摘要：

讨论了信任关系的随机性和模糊性共存以及相互融合问题。分析云模型描述不确定性概念的方法和实现定性语意与定量数值相互转换的算法，提出了基于云理论的信任评估模型—信任云。该模型提出云特征参数表达的信任传递和合并算法，在精确描述信任期望值的同时，通过熵和超熵刻画了信任的不确定性。相对于传统的信任评估策略，该模型获取的信任值包含更多的语意信息，更适合作为信任决策的依据。

关键词：信任评估信任模型云模型云发生器

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评价网络理论在电力公司反应堆建设决策中的应用

王华亭,冯俊文,高朋,王健

《中国工程科学》 2007年第9卷第12期页码 4-9

摘要：评价网络理论（valuation networks）是贝叶斯决策问题表示和求解的新方法。以某电力公司为例，应用评价网络理论，以反应堆建设的决策问题进行分析，给出了决策问题的具体表示和求解的详细过程。

关键词：决策分析评价网络影响图贝叶斯决策

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Comparison of shallow tunneling method with pile and rib method for construction of subway station in

Sina AMIRI; Ali Naghi DEHGHAN

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2022年第16卷第6期页码 704-717 doi: 10.1007/s11709-021-0746-4

摘要： In the present study, a comparison between the new shallow tunneling method (STM) and the traditional pile and rib method (PRM) was conducted to excavate and construct subway stations in the geological conditions of Tehran. First, by selecting Station Z6 located in the Tehran Subway Line 6 as a case study, the construction process was analyzed by PRM. The maximum ground settlement of 29.84 mm obtained from this method was related to the station axis, and it was within the allowable settlement limit of 30 mm. The acceptable agreement between the results of numerical modeling and instrumentation data indicated the confirmation and accuracy of the excavation and construction process of Station Z6 by PRM. In the next stage, based on the numerical model validated by instrumentation data, the value of the ground surface settlement was investigated during the station excavation and construction by STM. The results obtained from STM showed a significant reduction in the ground surface settlement compared to PRM. The maximum settlement obtained from STM was 6.09 mm as related to the front of the excavation face. Also, the sensitivity analysis results denoted that in addition to controlling the surface settlement by STM, it is possible to optimize some critical geometric parameters of the support system during the station excavation and construction.

关键词： shallow tunneling method pile and rib method ground surface settlement subway station construction numerical modeling

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Development of a new method for RMR and Q classification method to optimize support system in tunneling

Asghar RAHMATI,Lohrasb FARAMARZI,Manouchehr SANEI

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2014年第8卷第4期页码 448-455 doi: 10.1007/s11709-014-0262-x

摘要： Rock mass classification system is very suitable for various engineering design and stability analysis. classification method is confirmed by Japan Highway Public Corporation that this method can figure out either strength or deformability of rock mass, further appropriating the amount of rock bolts, thickness of shotcrete, and size of pitch of steel ribs just after the blasting procedure. Based on these advantages of method, in this study, according to data of five deep and long tunnels in Iran, two equations for estimating the value of method from and classification systems were developed. These equations as a new method were able to optimize the support system for and classification systems. From classification and its application in these case studies, it is pointed out that the method for the design of support systems in underground working is more reliable than the and classification systems.

关键词： JH classification Q and RMR classification new method

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Independent cover meshless particle method for complex geotechnical engineering

Jianqiu WU, Yongchang CAI

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2018年第12卷第4期页码 515-526 doi: 10.1007/s11709-017-0428-4

摘要： A new Independent Cover Meshless Particle (ICMP) method is proposed for the analysis of complex geotechnical engineering. In the ICMP method, the independent rectangular cover regardless of the shape of the analysis model is employed as the influence domain of each discrete node, the general polynomial is employed as the meshless interpolation function of the independent nodal cover, and the Cartesian Transformation Method (CTM) is used for the numerical integration of the nodal covers cut by material interfaces, joints, cracks and faults. The present method has a simple formulation and a low computational cost, and is easy for the numerical analysis and modeling of complex geotechnical engineering. Several typical numerical examples are presented to demonstrate the accuracy and robustness of the proposed method.

关键词： meshless method particle method independent cover CTM geotechnical engineering

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3D mode discrete element method with the elastoplastic model

Wei HU, Feng JIN, Chong ZHANG, Jinting WANG

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2012年第6卷第1期页码 57-68 doi: 10.1007/s11709-012-0139-9

摘要： The three-dimensional mode-deformable discrete element method (3MDEM) is an extended distinct element approach under the assumptions of small strain, finite displacement, and finite rotation of blocks. The deformation of blocks is expressed by the combination of the deformation modes in 3MDEM. In this paper, the elastoplastic constitutive relationship of blocks is implemented on the 3MDEM platform to simulate the integrated process from elasticity to plasticity and finally to fracture. To overcome the shortcomings of the conventional criterion for contact fracturing, a new criterion based on plastic strain is introduced. This approach is verified by two numerical examples. Finally, a cantilever beam is simulated as a comprehensive case study, which went through elastic, elastoplastic, and discontinuous fracture stages.

关键词： mode discrete element method elastoplastic numerical method discontinuum contact

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The smoothed finite element method (S-FEM): A framework for the design of numerical models for desired

Gui-Rong Liu

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2019年第13卷第2期页码 456-477 doi: 10.1007/s11709-019-0519-5

摘要：

The smoothed finite element method (S-FEM) was originated by G R Liu by combining some meshfree techniques with the well-established standard finite element method (FEM). It has a family of models carefully designed with innovative types of smoothing domains. These models are found having a number of important and theoretically profound properties. This article first provides a concise and easy-to-follow presentation of key formulations used in the S-FEM. A number of important properties and unique features of S-FEM models are discussed in detail, including 1) theoretically proven softening effects; 2) upper-bound solutions; 3) accurate solutions and higher convergence rates; 4) insensitivity to mesh distortion; 5) Jacobian-free; 6) volumetric-locking-free; and most importantly 7) working well with triangular and tetrahedral meshes that can be automatically generated. The S-FEM is thus ideal for automation in computations and adaptive analyses, and hence has profound impact on AI-assisted modeling and simulation. Most importantly, one can now purposely design an S-FEM model to obtain solutions with special properties as wish, meaning that S-FEM offers a framework for design numerical models with desired properties. This novel concept of numerical model on-demand may drastically change the landscape of modeling and simulation. Future directions of research are also provided.

关键词： computational method finite element method smoothed finite element method strain smoothing technique smoothing domain weakened weak form solid mechanics softening effect upper bound solution

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Explicit optimization method for cutting-screw-thread on the basis of dual-RSM

Zhengbao LEI, Shubin WEI, Qingyun DU

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2010年第5卷第4期页码 423-430 doi: 10.1007/s11465-010-0109-7

摘要： To obtain the explicit function for optimizing the cutting-screw-thread (CST) in crash, the simulations of frontal crash at the speed of 56 km/h have been carried out in VPG. The peak acceleration in crash has been taken as the evaluation index of energy absorption characteristics. First, the single factor experiment was taken based on six parameters affecting on the absorption characteristics of CST. Second, the peak acceleration function of each parameter by using response surface method (RSM) is obtained. Third, the explicit resultant peak acceleration function of six parameters by using RSM again is obtained. A dual RSM-based explicit method is proposed. According to this function, the best size dimensions of CST in different crash conditions could be easily obtained. Finally, an example shows that the values of the calculation errors for simulation value and target value (40 g) are 3.6% and 1.3%, respectively. This method can satisfy the demand for engineering accuracy.

关键词： vehicle engineering crash safety explicit method response surface method

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Application of random set method in a deep excavation: based on a case study in Tehran cemented alluvium

Arash SEKHAVATIAN, Asskar Janalizadeh CHOOBBASTI

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2019年第13卷第1期页码 66-80 doi: 10.1007/s11709-018-0461-y

摘要： The design of high-rise buildings often necessitates ground excavation, where buildings are in close proximity to the construction, thus there is a potential for damage to these structures. This paper studies an efficient user-friendly framework for dealing with uncertainties in a deep excavation in layers of cemented coarse grained soil located in Tehran, Iran by non-deterministic Random Set (RS) method. In order to enhance the acceptability of the method among engineers, a pertinent code was written in FISH language of FLAC2D software which enables the designers to run all simulations simultaneously, without cumbersome procedure of changing input variables in every individual analysis. This could drastically decrease the computational effort and cost imposed to the project, which is of great importance especially to the owners. The results are presented in terms of probability of occurrence and most likely values of the horizontal displacement at top of the wall at every stage of construction. Moreover, a methodology for assessing the credibility of the uncertainty model is presented using a quality indicator. It was concluded that performing RS analysis before the beginning of every stage could cause great economical savings, while improving the safety of the project.

关键词： uncertainty reliability analysis deep excavations random set method finite difference method

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A simple method for evaluating liquefaction potential from shear wave velocity

Lianyang ZHANG,

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2010年第4卷第2期页码 178-195 doi: 10.1007/s11709-010-0023-4

摘要： The simplified procedure using shear wave velocity measurements is increasingly used to evaluate the seismic liquefaction potential of soils. This procedure is based on finding the boundary separating the liquefaction and non-liquefaction cases through the analysis of liquefaction case histories, following the general format of the Seed-Idriss simplified procedure based on standard penetration test (SPT) data. It is noted that many assumptions have been made in the simplified procedure. This paper develops a simple method for evaluating the liquefaction potential of soils from shear wave velocity by using the optimum seeking method to directly analyze the liquefaction history data and quantify the influence of major factors affecting the liquefactions potential of soils. The factors considered are the earthquake magnitude, the vertical effective overburden stress, the shear wave velocity, the peak acceleration at the ground surface of the site, and the fines content of the soil. The most important factor has been identified as the shear wave velocity. The developed method uses the measured data directly and in a very simple way. Neither stress-correction of shear wave velocity nor calculation of cyclic shear stress as in the simplified procedure is required. Comparisons indicate that the developed simple method has a higher success rate for evaluating liquefaction potential of soils than the simplified procedure. A case study is presented to illustrate the application of the developed simple method and further confirms its accuracy.

关键词： liquefaction earthquake simple method shear wave velocity case history introduction

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Thermo-elastic extended meshfree method for fracture without crack tip enrichment

A. ASADPOUR

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2015年第9卷第4期页码 441-447 doi: 10.1007/s11709-015-0319-5

摘要： This is the first manuscript presenting an extended meshfree method for thermo- elastic fracture which does not exploit a crack tip enrichment. The crack is modeled by partition of unity enrichment of the displacement and temperature field. Only a step function is employed that facilitates the implementation. To ensure that crack tip is at the correct position, a Lagrange multiplier field ahead of the crack tip is introduced along a line. The Lagrange multiplier nodal parameters are discretised with the available meshfree functions. Two benchmark examples illustrate the efficiency of the method.

关键词： meshfree method thermo-elasticity

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Level set band method: A combination of density-based and level set methods for the topology optimization

Peng WEI, Wenwen WANG, Yang YANG, Michael Yu WANG

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2020年第15卷第3期页码 390-405 doi: 10.1007/s11465-020-0588-0

摘要： The level set method (LSM), which is transplanted from the computer graphics field, has been successfully introduced into the structural topology optimization field for about two decades, but it still has not been widely applied to practical engineering problems as density-based methods do. One of the reasons is that it acts as a boundary evolution algorithm, which is not as flexible as density-based methods at controlling topology changes. In this study, a level set band method is proposed to overcome this drawback in handling topology changes in the level set framework. This scheme is proposed to improve the continuity of objective and constraint functions by incorporating one parameter, namely, level set band, to seamlessly combine LSM and density-based method to utilize their advantages. The proposed method demonstrates a flexible topology change by applying a certain size of the level set band and can converge to a clear boundary representation methodology. The method is easy to implement for improving existing LSMs and does not require the introduction of penalization or filtering factors that are prone to numerical issues. Several 2D and 3D numerical examples of compliance minimization problems are studied to illustrate the effects of the proposed method.

关键词： level set method topology optimization density-based method level set band